Sunday, 31 December 2017

A World Assembly of Poets: Comments by Jonah Raskin, Ethelbert Miller, Tuncay Gary, Okey Ndibe, Cyril Wong, KK Srivastava, Charles Johnson, Christopher Guerin, Fred Chappell, Tess Onwueme, Margarita Merino, Veronique Tadjo, Sushil Gupta, Urvashi Sabu, Dr. Hemlata Srivastava


A World Assembly of Poets
Comments by Jonah Raskin
If it’s laughter you want, or tears, or truth, or beauty, there’s no finer book of poetry than this one. A World Assembly of Poets offers a superlative way to start the New Year and to carry readers all through the next 12 months.

I confess, I have not read every single poem in A World Assembly of Poets, which has just been published by Re-Markings. That would take at least a week of concerted effort. After all, there are more than 150 poems by more than 80 poets from more than 30 different countries, including India, Pakistan, Russia, China, the U.S., Israel, Nigeria, Spain, Singapore, Sweden and Scotland.Still, I have read enough of the work in A World Assembly of Poets that has been ably compiled by a team of editors to know that this volume has the power to entertain, illuminate and inspire readers from Asia and Africa to Europe and the Americas.
“I have no hesitation in saying that these soulful offerings from the world’s best lyricists of the heart is a wonderful tribute to the undying human spirit of freedom, dignity and hope,” chief editor Nibir K. Ghosh writes in the “Editorial” at the front of the book.
Guest editor Tijan M. Sallah writes about specific poets such as Liu Hongbin, Pritish Nandy and Per Wastberg in the introduction to the volume, and offers overarching observations. “If American poetry is geared to the individual and the particular, the poetry of Asia is dominated by spiritual concerns,” Sallah writes.
Still, A World Assembly of Poets makes it clear that generalizations about poetry can only take us so far. At the beginning, at the end and in the middle of this volume, a reader can only engage with specific poems by individual poets who insist on adhering to their own hearts and heads and who pledge allegiance to their own aesthetics. By chance I opened A World Assembly of Poets to page 61 and the work of Sallah himself, perhaps the best-known Gambian writing poetry today who writes in “I Come From A Country,” lines that transcend national and geographical boundaries: “I come from a country where the land is small,/ But our hearts are big,/Where we greet everyone by name in the morning.”
I know this country. Perhaps you do, too. It’s the country of big hearts that exists wherever there are poets with names like Sallah, Naheed, Manhire, Fahey and Amjadi and whose work co-exists on the page. It is not necessary to start on the first page and go straight through to the last page. One can skip around and go forwards or backwards, until a poem grabs hold of you and pulls you inside, as Arun Kamal’s “I’ll Tell Lives,” which is translated from Hindi into English, did for me. Some of the poems, including Haki R. Madhubuti’s “More Powerful Than God” are very funny, indeed. If it’s laughter you want, or tears, or truth, or beauty, there’s no finer book of poetry than this one. A World Assembly of Poets offers a superlative way to start the New Year and to carry readers all through the next 12 months. There are more poems here from India than any other country in the world except for the U.S.A. That is fitting. After all the book comes from Agra not from New York, and with the unstinting cooperation of Dr. Sunita Rani Ghosh, Dr. A. Karunaker, Mr. Sudarshan Kcherry and that master of computer graphics and design, Mr. Sandeep Arora.


Jonah Raskin, a frequent contributor to Re-Markings, is the author of 14 books, including literary criticism, reporting, memoir, and biography. He has taught journalism, media law and the theory of communication at Sonoma State University, U.S.A.

                     Comments by Ethelbert Miller
My friend Tijan Sallah dropped by the house today with copies of the new anthology he edited. What a wonderful collection of poems from poets around the world. From Brazil to Spain. Pakistan to Australia. China to Nigeria. The US poets included are: Sonia Sanchez, Kevin Powell, Rita Dove, Fred Chappell and David Ray. I’m happy for 4 of my poems to be in this book. 
Congrats to Nibir Ghosh for making it all possible.


Ethelbert Miller is a writer and literary activist. He is board chair of the Institute for Policy Studies, an inductee of the 2015 Washington, DC Hall of Fame, and recipient of the AWP 2016 George Garrett Award for Outstanding Community Service in Literature. Translations of Miller’s poems have appeared in over nine languages. His most recent book is The Collected Poems of E. Ethelbert Miller.

                      Comments by Tuncay Gary
Dear Tijan & Nibir Ghosh,

I'm glad to be a part of the world expressed in this wonderful book. After all, it is an enormous suggestion to bundle poetry from all continents of this earth. I love to read this book. Starting with the editorial by Nibir K. Ghosh with a fantastic picture of Plato and his poetry criticism, the introduction of Tijan M. Sallah, who makes a foray into the continents and the individual countries, then stand by selected examples, the poetry of the poets for themselves allow. And another thing that makes this volume "A World Assembly of Poets" of the special edition of RE-MARKINGS clear: Poets may write in different languages of this world, but the statements, the inner essence, the mainspring itself, are very human.

Tuncay Gary is director, actor and author based in Berlin, Germany

                        

                        Comments by Okey Ndibe

My brother Tijan,
Congrats for birthing such a marvelous book. I received the fantastic volume two nights ago. I’d meant to call you to say thank you for including me in such exalted poetic company. In a world often ruled by demagogues and drawn to philistinism, it’s a treasure to find some of the world’s best poetic voices collected in this extraordinary book. This anthology is a rich harvest, bound to excite devotees of poetry—and to attract many others who, before now, were indifferent to the music and vistas that the best poetry yields. 

Okey Ndibe is a Nigerian American novelist whose most recent book is Never Look an American in the Eye, a memoir. He has written for numerous publications, including the New York Times, BBC online, The Guardian (UK), Financial Times, and D La Repubblica (Italy).

ALTITUDE ALLY
Okey Ndibe

Ensconced in a front row seat in Economy class,
Suspended thirty-eight thousand feet,
My thoughts remained earthbound.           

Shoulder bunched, I leaned to the aisle,
Aware that the blonde next seated
Would countenance no tar.

Her perfumed indifference wafted my way
In equal measure, it seemed
Then, my chivalrous ally appeared.

It rowed to and fro;
Too tiny to be named at first glance
Then it disappeared.

In that spliced moment, a row it made.
If you listened, its air spun
A song, like a protracted hiss, a quick kiss.

A flimsy stowaway, this dreaded, undocumented alien,
Perhaps a native of the West Nile
Dreaming her way, like me, to North America.

Was she a candidate for network news infamy?
A tiny monster busying the brows of doctors scurrying for antidotes.

I had no interest in the odds
Of this sly visitor, squeaking past vigilant eyes.
No interest also in the busy doctors,
Trained to screen homeland pests from foreign vectors.

My lips quivered in self-humor:
Circle back, avenger, passport-less peregrine
And steady your attention on my supercilious neighbor.

Woulda West Nile bite or two
On her pretty face,
Wipe out that sneer?          

(A World Assembly of Poets)

https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif                          
                            Comments by Cyril Wong
RE-MARKINGS: A World Assembly of Poets is a glorious anthology for daring to take risks and by including poets who aren't the expected names, like Joanna Chen from Israel (her 'Babel' poem is a perfect way to signal the anthology's conclusion) and Liu Hongbin from China (I'm thrilled in this case for how, due to "inhospitable politics" as Tijan Sallah mentions in his introduction, we are reminded of the pain of displacement and non-belonging that poetry can capture, waking us readers from any sense of political complacency). I also love it when memorable yet starkly contrasting poems that many have come to love in their different corners of the globe (like those by Rita Dove and the activist Tenzin Tsundue) are placed together in the same volume. Reading this motley curation of verse is both enriching and cathartic, as well as an overall beautiful and life-affirming experience. Thank you for the opportunity to be a part of its cosmopolitan symphony. - best, Cyril 

BOATS
Cyril Wong

You and your photographs of boats;
that repeated metaphor for departure,

or simply the possibility of a voyage?
What you cannot tell me, you tell me

with a vessel and its single passenger,
eyes fixed on some skylit conclusion.

Set apart and starkly upon a canvas
of tractable waves, brought to still

by the trigger-click of your camera,
like the sound a key makes when it

releases the lock. Your heart became
that lock; these images are how you have

always articulated distance, a withdrawal.
Darling, there are just as many ways

of saying goodbye as there are ways
of letting you go. The boat is narrow

like the width of my heart after
impossible loss, cruel resignation;

this heart you ride in. Love, if this is how
you choose to leave me, let me let you.

(A World Assembly of Poets)

Cyril Wong has been called a confessional poet, according to The Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry, based on his "anxiety over the fragility of human connection and a relentless self-querying." He is the Singapore Literature Prize-winning author of poetry collections such as Unmarked Treasure and The Lover's Inventory. 

                       Comments by Charles Johnson
Recipient of National Book Award, USA, the first African American writer to win this award after Ralph Ellison.

Nibir, I just received in today's mail A World Assembly of Poets: Contemporary Poems. This hefty book---417 pages!---is simply beautiful, even breathtaking. Congratulations, old friend. This is sure to become an essential work for readers and scholars. Pranam,, Chuck



Charles Johnson with Nibir K. Ghosh at the latter's Apartment in Seattle during his 
                        Senior Fulbright tenure in the USA, 2003-2004


                

                   Comments by Christopher Guerin


Dear Nibir,

Thank you so much for including me in your glorious anthology. It is the most significant publication I have ever received of some of my works.  I’m also deeply humbled that you chose to print two poems, “The House,” in particular. It has always been one of my favorites, but has never been published before. Seeing it for the first time in this handsome volume will be a cherished memory. I also greatly appreciate being mentioned in the introduction with some many other estimable poets.  I hope you plan to sell the book on Amazon. I will be happy to promote it to all of my friends and encourage them to buy it.. Again, thank you so much, and congratulations on a marvelous achievement. Warm regards, Christopher





Christopher Guerin is Vice President of Corporate Communications, Sweetwater Sound, Inc., USA


                                            Comments by Fred Chappell

Dear Dr. Sallah,

I have read through—much through quickly---A World Assembly of Poets.   I will be returning to it many times, to reread and reassess my feelings and thoughts.  But that will happen over months and maybe years, so I’ll respond now and re-examine later. It is quite an ambitious and successful undertaking.  I admire immensely your broad acquaintance with world poetry and—as I surmise from your notes—with the poets who contributed to the volume. I am proud and honored to be included in such colorful and august company.  But if I had comprehended more closely the nature of the collection, I would have submitted different poems.  I chose the fables because Aesop and La Fontaine are globally known names. But the form of the ancient fables precludes (mostly) social change or revolutionary sentiment.  Aesop’s attitude is one of weary, sardonic, or rueful resignation to the status quo.  He will not join with Aparna Lanjewar in “The joy of living in the philosophy/of Revolt and Revolution.”  He would not dispute with Gurchuran Rampuri that the ruler made the Book Divine “a pawn in his hands”; he would only agree, wearily.  He would not fight to do away with racial or sexual injustice or the caste system.  Aesop’s forte is fatalism, alas. So I would have chosen other pieces I’ve written.

    But this is really beside the point.  I admire the fighters for truth and justice.  Mr. Chipasula stands forth courageously, as do Mr. Kgositsile (“to have a home is not a favour”), Mr. Hoelbling (“numbers don’t honor individuality”), Ms. Naheed (“those who are afraid even of little girls/How small, how insignificant they are”), LaShawna Griffith (Choose any poem, almost any line.)   And so very many poets represented here who are or have been activists for the best causes. It is also very striking to me how many of these poems are about the art—and duties, especially—of poetry itself.  At least a good half at least of these poems examine, defend, uphold, and lament the role of the poets in society, how they are ignored or insulted or chastened ore even imprisoned by tyrannical regimes.   That has been a familiar theme since the time of Hesiod, of course, but in Assembly it is voice anew and often. Even so, this Assembly has variety: voice, language, metaphor, and usage that seem to spring from the soil of the nations from which they originate.  We will not mistake a poem from Spain for one from Russia, even when the themes are similar or nearly identical.  There is even room for humor—as in your pun on “hand” in our Introduction and the pun on “aids” in a poem I can’t locate now.
    So—once more—Thank you!   A strong job you’ve done the worthiest. - Yours truly, Fred Chappell


Fred Chappell, acclaimed poet and novelist,  is author of over a dozen books of poetry, a handful of novels and short story collections, and two books of critical prose. He has received numerous awards for his work, including the T.S. Eliot Prize, the Bollingen Award, the Aiken Taylor Award, an award from the National Academy of Arts and Letters, and the best foreign book prize from the Academie Française. He was named North Carolina Poet Laureate in 1997, a position he held until 2002. He retired after 40 years as an English professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He was the Poet Laureate of North Carolina from 1997-2002.  
                
                      Comments by Frank Chipasula


Amongst the silences of restless nights/ My voice wants to break through the shell of words/ to name and sing the evidence/ of our resolve and will to live/ past the glib of noble intentions.../ .....Amongst the silences of these restless nights/ our dreams refuse the perfumed bandages/ that try to hide the depth of their wounds...--Keorapetse Kgositsile ("The King Has Arrived")

Brother Tijan: Jealous down, as we say in my part of Africa, this is a powerful document, a treasure  and nourishment (beyond comfort food) that will fortify my creative muscles for the next leg of my journey on this rocky road.  This monument will endure the test of time. Though I have not read anything else because the book finds me in the middle of a demanding project, I know that this  document belongs with such anthologies as Jerome Rothenberg's Technicians of the Sacred: A Range of Poetries from Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania as well as Pierre Joris & Habib Tengour's Poems for the Millennium. 


FRANK M. CHIPASULA is a Malawian poet, editor and fiction writer. He holds an M.A. in Creative Writing from Brown University, an M.A. in Afro-American Studies from Yale University and a Ph.D. in English Literature from Brown University. His Visions and Reflections (1972) is the first published book of poetry in English by a Malawian poet. His other books are O Earth, Wait for Me (1984), Nightwatcher, Nightsong (1986) and Whispers in the Wings: New and Selected Poems (1991). 


                                        Comments by Tess Onwueme


            A WORLD ASSEMBLY OF POETS
  
In this season of unrelenting drought
The scorched human body and soul appears jinxed,
Sizzling in the ravages of toxic Leadership
With vacated (nay, non-existent!) Conscience.

How then can today’s endangered Universe  
Not gratefully applaud this timely offering
 Of a nourishing collection
 By the “World Assembly of Poets “
Daring to water the sea of famished spirits?

For inviting me into this communion,
I cannot but chant
MIGHTY FELICITATIONS!

With honor and admiration, I salute you––
Tijani Sallah, Nibir Ghosh, et al.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Tess Onwueme, Ph.D.,
is an internationally acclaimed multiple award-winning Playwright. She holds the eminent position of University Professor of Global Letters & Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin, USA, and was nominated for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.



                                      Comments by Margarita Merino


Dear Nibir, 

I have received the wonderful special number of Re-Markings: A World Assembly of Poets!!! It looks truly great!  Many congratulations! Thank you so much:  ¡Gracias de todocorazón!

It is an honor to be a part of it!  Please, give my warmest thanks to our Guest Editor and Editors, Dr. Tijan M.Sallah, Dr. A. Karunaker and to the beautiful and accomplished Dr. Sunita Rani Ghosh… Is she your wife?  I imagine how proud you both feel about each other!  Best wishes too to Sanddep K. Arora. A note of thanks to professor Jonah Raskin who is the person who sent my copy from Santa Rosa, CA.

My husband Steve Lindsay wants to buy two or three copies, but he told me last time he tried that the book still was not available for purchase… I want to send it at least to a couple of people who will love it!  I wish to you, to your beautiful wife, your family and country, that your compassionate and generous approach will come back to all your world with BIG gratitude, tranquility, plentitude,and well being. 

You, my dear friend, chant with your deep work and generosity the call for unity, diversity, understanding, respect, inviting all to open our minds to make us stronger in celebration of education, solidarity, life: We NEED those values in our wounded world, so I sing your name today!  

I am enjoying too your marvelousblog, and I am discovering little by little the contents of A Word Assembly of Poets!!!

 I have found the family I needed to share and feel I am part of the Earth!  I have met those who demolish boundaries, those ready to accomplish the dream of my old children poem: “Come on To Defend the Beauty of the World.”

This amazing book that you have created in company of other talented people is a blessing, an explosion of dignity and FREEDOM.  I am so happy to have the privilege to read such magical contents, its diversity, its warmth, its inspiration. ¡Muchasfelicidades!

This Special Assembly is permitting me to know poets who want to be humans first!  Yeah!  I am ready to travel no matter where to read with them.  In your blog it is so pleasant to find the wisdom of Jonah Raskin - and watch him pictured in front of my dreamed place!  Makes me happy to feel the energy of the poets, their comments!  I love to see the faces of my brothers and sisters!

I want to come back now to the book.  Opening it now (pg. 61) I find I am having a conversation with the great lady who was the mom of Tijan M. Sallah, in “a country…/ Where we greet everyone by name in the morning.” (pg. 64) 

The book, the blog... Where I should go?  : )

You, Nibir, and your friends understand the best part of knowledge: the one that heals and brings IDEALS and souls together!

Best wishes for you and Sunita.  My husband and I are dreaming one day not far away we will meet and celebrate with you both!  And with all your friends!

¡VIVA INDIA!  INDIA MOTHER OF MARVELS!  Margarita Merino Lindsay, January the 14th, 2018

Dr. Margarita Merino Lindsay was born in Spain, León “The Capital of Winter.”  She has published Viaje al inte­rior (Voyage to the Interior), Baladas del abismo (Ballads from the Abyss),  Halcón herido (Wounded Falcon), Demonio contra arcángel (Demon versus Archangel), the Italian bilingual anthology La dama della galerna (Grand Lady of the Tempest), Viaje al exterior (Voyage to the Exterior)… Prof. María Cruz Rodríguez--in her  book on MM poetry -- points her "as the pioneer of Eco-Feminism in Spain” reflecting how along her poetical trip she is committed with universal love and compassion for Nature an all creatures.
              
                     
                                         

        Comments by Veronique Tadjo
Dear Dr. Tijan, I have read A World Assembly of Poets with great pleasure. As you point out in your preface, it is befitting that Africa comes first. Our poetry has a long oral tradition and the African poets that you have chosen show this inspiration. It is an amazing achievement to have collected such a wealth of poems coming from voices all over the world. I have gained much inspiration from reading the anthology. So many interpretations of life! The telling of how we live and die - without borders. This publication is a testimony to the energy and determination of all those who have collaborated on the project. Congratulations to you, Dr Nibir Ghosh, Dr Karunaker and Dr Sunita Rani Ghosh! I am happy to feature in this major contribution to world poetry. Thank you for your preface and thank you again for including my work.
All the very best, Véronique

Véronique Tadjo is a writer, artist and professor of French and Francophone Literature. Born in France and raised in Côte d’Ivoire, she did most of her studies in Abidjan before earning a doctorate in Black American Literature and Civilization at the Sorbonne, Paris IV. She has written novels, poems and books for young people which she illustrates. Her work has been translated in many languages. She shares her time between London and Abidjan. 





                     Comments by Prof. Sushil Gupta
Dear Nibir,
Thanks for a copy of this anthology of Contemporary Poems.
The sheer volume and its eclectic collection takes one's breath away. How you managed to compile it at all is a minor miracle. Tijan Sallah's introduction is all embracing and enumerates the global brotherhood of poets. I marvel at his sweep of Dalit theme in Indian poetry, plight of refugees over the world, uprootedness, migrations, holocaust, cultural hybridity, religious zealotry, middle east squabbles, all within 27 pages. My mind boggled at his recounting the names of distinguished poets from different countries and languages.
He manages to titillate the imagination through this cornucopia. My hearty congratulations!

- Sushil Gupta  

Prof. Sushil Gupta is the author of the acclaimed novel, 
The Fourth Monkey

                     Comments by Dr. Aparna Lanjewar

Truly happy to share that some of my poems are housed in this amazing unconventional anthology “Re-Markings” - A World Assembly of Poets special issue on poetry edited by well known Gambian writer and one of Africa’s significant voices Tijan M. Sallah. Its editorial team that includes UGC Emeritus Professor Nibir Ghosh and others have done a fantastic job of compiling together 100 contemporary poets from all over the world. Closely, modeled on the Vintage book of Contemporary World Poetry edited by J D McClatchy, which remains unmatched and unrivalled, this particular compilation, A world Assembly of Poets: Contemporary Poems is not just bold and seminal but comes quite closer to it.

The book is unconditionally unique and  needs no models but the only comparison if any it elicited was the vintage book from my point of view. There are possibly good many others but this seemed handy for the resonance of painstaking research is undeniable in both Also I must admit that I certainly do have few reservations for the vintage book too, as all you  frequently encounter are indisputable brand names only too willingly adding  up to the greater joy and delight of the compiler/editors. While speaking of our collection it definitely moves  on to the next level of greater inclusivity and challenges anthological stereotypes in many respects
I am particularly excited because in recent times when several anthologies and special poetry issues have come out listing the same conventional names in poetry, and seem guided more by personal choices and preferences of the compilers/ editors. This one definitely stands out for its depth, range, underlying beauty and multiplicity of poetic voices and approaches, Besides its penchant to meet reasonable standards of versification.It is a well researched collection, meeting rare reviews worldwide…Happy holding my copy right now…enjoying my presence amongst some very good poets across the world.

Dr. Aparna Lanjewar Bose is a trilingual writer, poet, critic, and translator. She is Associate Professor at  English and Foreign Languages University (A Central university), Hyderabad. She specializes in American Literature, African American Literature, Revolutionary Marginal Literatures and Contemporary women’s writings. Her study tours, research and Social activism led her to visit several countries like Germany, France, England, Switzerland, Sweden, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Thailand, Austria where she spoke on both literary and social concerns. 

  Comments & Review Essay 
                                   by Urvashi Sabu
Dear Prof. Ghosh,
I am delighted to receive the long awaited world poetry issue, and even more delighted to see my translations in them. Please accept my congratulations on the production of this very eminent, much needed volume that brings together world poets under one cover. Its elegant design and presentation, along with its content, are evocative of the high standards that Re-Markings is synonymous with. Thank you and best wishes for more such ventures in the future! - Urvashi

Re-Markings' Special Number: A World Assembly of Poets
Review Essay

When was the last time I saw, read or heard of the publication of an anthology of world poetry? With this question on my mind, I did a quick web search and realized to my astonishment that the last published compilation was in 2010!

Eight years down the line, there comes an ambitious volume, the brainchild of Prof. Nibir K Ghosh and celebrated Gambian poet Dr. Tijan M. Sallah, aptly titled A World Assembly of Poets. Published as a special number of the sixteen years old and still going strong literary journal ‘Re-Markings’, this issue is not only a collector’s item but an absolute must have for any serious student or lover of literature.

In a world riven  by war and strife, this special number makes a bravely unique and concentrated effort to unite, within the same cover, living poets from across all  continents; poets who are aware of, and alert towards, not just the craft of poetry but also of the dilemmas confronting humanity, nations, and cultures today. In the Editorial, Prof Ghosh quips about Plato’s aversion to having the poet in his ideal state; and moves on deftly to Shakespeare’s, Wordsworth’s and Shelley’s impassioned avowal of the craft of poetry, and the significance of poets across cultures. The contents page follows, with the sections being classified according to continents, and within that the countries, in alphabetical order. (No partiality there!) An Introduction by Dr Sallah critically traces, analyses and evaluates the evolution and growth of modern poetry, with reference to the poets included in this volume. And with that done, we come to the kernel.

The first thing that strikes one is that many of the poets are as yet comparatively lesser known; some even make their publishing debut here, in this issue! And that could possibly be the biggest achievement of this special number. This moving away from the canonical, the venerated, the Dead, to the Living, the new, and the mint fresh, reflects the concern of the editors to make this volume even more representative of the times we live in, rather than a hearkening to the ages past. It is an act of literary courage as well as honesty, of presenting to the world a new mirror to the present, a new retelling of the past, a new vision of the future. The second interesting aspect of this number is that barring a few (which appear in English translation), almost all the poems are originally written in English. While purists may deride this as not being representative of world languages, I am of the opinion that this conscious choice of one language, particularly from non English speaking countries, reflects a post colonial ‘coming of age’, a recognition, of ‘owning’ the language, so to speak. The poets under consideration are comfortable with the language, and use its tropes and nuances with refreshing expertise. The translations too are sensitive and refined.

Then there is the very interesting inclusion of the expatriate, globalised experience in the selection of poets who have relocated from their homelands to other countries. Thus, for example, Gurcharan Rampuri features in the Canadian and Meera Ekkanath Klein in the USA section.  The Indian section is eclectic, featuring legends as well as award winning poets (Arun Kamal, Gopikrishnan Kottoor, Shiv K Kumar, Jayant Mahapatra, Arundhati Subramaniam) academicians (Shankar Dutt, Ramesh C Shah) Dalit voices (Dr Aparna Lanjewar, Sharan Kumar Limbale) Journalist Pritish Nandy, senior IRS officer KK Srivastava, and, wonderfully rendered, Tibetan-Indian poet Tenzin Tsundue.

The poems in the volume speak eloquently of indigenous cultures, myth and folklore (Africa), of daily life and cultural flux, racial identities and conflicts (America), of women’s issues, caste and community, poverty and want, history and the glorious past (Asia). They are fresh, and appeal to the modern sensibility (Australia, New Zealand). They are inclusive and global, philosophical and evocative of the Classical age (Europe). They reflect the richness and pain of a mixed identity (Latin America and Caribbean). The tiny but unique section on the Middle East, featuring, (and this is surely a coup!) women poets from Israel and Iran is a fitting finale to a poetic journey through the modern world with all its conundrums and conflicts of identity, gender, class, community and nation. 

The volume is beautifully produced. Clearly a labour of love 
for its editors. This volume deserves praise not just for the ambition with which it was conceived, but for the brilliance of the final product. It could well be on the syllabus of university curricula across the world. And it should.



Dr. Urvashi Sabu is Associate Professor, Dept. of English, PGDAV College, Delhi University, Delhi . She has recently been selected for the prestigious Charles Wallace India Trust Fellowship 2018 at UEA, Norwich, U.K.


      Comments in Poetic form by Dr. Hemlata Srivastava

                            If music is the food of  love...


"If music is the food of  love"
Poetry is the food for heart, 
Catering to the cravings of the mind.

It creates not only the rhythmic words,
But brings harmony to the discordant World.                                              
This brings to the need of Poets, need of Poetry.

And here comes 'A World Assembly of Poets',
Poets pouring perfect Poesy, 
Hailing from all corners of the world,

Covering all the Continents and the different shades, 
Passing through the prism of emotions,
Reflecting the serene ray of Poesy.

Appearing, as if the whole World gathered together,
To hold their hands and sharing their views, while
Voyaging through the realm of imagination and sailing through the waves of emotions.

Only Poets can do this magical charm,
And create the perfect world of calm,
That charms us with the enlightening vision

And make us cross the sea of oblivion, and
Help us reach the blissful mission
By giving a sense of unique satisfaction.

Which is beyond sharing, 
Beyond description, 
Installing the poet  
In the hearts of the readers.
- Hemlata



Dr. Hemlata Srivastava is Associate Professor in the Department of English Studies & Research at Agra College, Agra, India. Here she is seen at the Shakespeare and Company, Paris
                                         
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Wednesday, 6 December 2017

Re-Markings Special Number, Bose: Immortal Legend of India's Freedom - Review Essays

Review Essays
Published in Re-Markings Vol. 16 No. 3 September 2017
Bose: Immortal Legend of India’s Freedom – Contemporary Critical Orientations. Re-Markings Special Number Vol.16 No.1, January 2017. Edited by Nibir K. Ghosh, A. Karunaker & Sunita Rani Ghosh. New Delhi: Re-Markings in Association with Authorspress, 2017. pp. 307. ` 599.


Bose: Enigmatic Icon
Jonah Raskin
For this review, I’d like to call the January 2017 Special Number on Bose a “book” because in my view the word “book” accords the volume the respect it deserves. Yes, it’s a collection of essays, interviews, poems and personal recollections with an introduction about Bose by Nibir K. Ghosh who did the editing with help from his wife, Dr. Sunita Rani Ghosh, who teaches at Agra College, and from Professor A. Karunaker, who teaches at Osmania University. If I were to make this book required reading in a class, I would invite students to think about the ways that writers represent historical figures. Indeed, the Bose special number is a study in representation.
Granted, the contributors offer facts, including the date of Bose’s birth on the 23 rd of January 1897 and the date of his death on the 18th of August 1945, nine days after the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, Japan and 12 days after the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima. What the dates say to me is that Bose was born at the end of nineteenth century when the British Empire was at its peak and that he was still alive at the birth of the nuclear age and the emergence of the U.S. as a world power. Indeed, Bose was aware of the use of the atomic bomb. He noted that while Japan had surrendered, India would not, and that the struggle for Indian independence—which fueled his very soul—would continue.
Yes, there are facts aplenty in this book, and wonderful quotations from Bose that bring him to life. But it is the many different interpretations of Bose that make this book fascinating reading. The title for my essay, “Enigmatic Icon,” is not original with me. It comes from a passage in Sukalpa Bahattacharjee’s essay titled “Netaji in Our Times: Weaving Fragments of a Great Life.” Bahattacharjee’s phrase “enigmatic icon” is amplified, it seems to me, by an image of Bose in the essay by Ajit Mukherjee and Pranamita Pati that’s titled “Subhas Chandra Bose: A Visionary Spiritualist.” Mukherjee and Pati write that, “Subhas Bose remains a hard nut to crack.” Indeed, enigmatic icons like Bose are always hard nuts to crack” because they have so many different sides.
The thirty-three contributors to this volume call Bose all sort of names: a “nationalist hero,” “the true architect of modern India, a “military general,” “a visionary,” “a statesman,” “a politician,” “a trade union leader,” “a seer,” “a great orator,” “a radical thinker” and “a guru.” No doubt, he was all of those things and more.
If I were to write a biography of Bose I might have the word “love” or “lover” in the title. I would begin the book with the quotation from Bose that’s included in the aforementioned essay in which the authors call him a “Visionary Spiritualist.” The quotation is from “My Faith, Philosophical” in which Bose wrote, “The essential nature of reality is LOVE.” For emphasis he capitalized the word love. He added that, “LOVE is the essence of the Universe and the essential principle of human life.”
Bose used the word “LOVE,” I think, in much the same way that Che Guevara did when he said that, "The true revolutionary is guided by a great feeling of love.” Che added, “It is impossible to think of a genuine revolutionary lacking this quality."
Bose also used the word love in much the same way that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used it when he talked about the “Beloved Community.” Reading the essays, interviews and poems and the short play in this book makes it clear that Bose loved the Indian people and that he loved life itself. The essay “Emilie Schenkl: In Letter and Spirit” by Sunita Rani Ghosh makes it clear that Bose also loved his Austrian wife who gave birth to their child and who loved him deeply and passionately and that she supported him in the struggle for Indian independence.
Sunita Rani Ghosh quotes a letter from Bose to Emilie in which he called himself “a wandering bird that comes from afar, remains for a while and then flies away to its distant home.” Bose saw his fugitive nature clearly. Moreover, if he was a nationalist, a trade union leader and a military general, he was also a poet who used poetical language like “wandering bird” and “iceberg,” another image he used to describe himself. The iceberg melted in the love that Emilie offered him.
Before I go on, I think that it’s essential to say that I am writing this review essay in my home in Santa Rosa, California on April 10, 2017. It’s only three days after my return from a two-week sojourn in India when I met some of the contributors to this volume including Dev Vrat Sharma, who showed me great kindness in Jaipur, and Monali Bhattacharya who greeted me when I arrived at Jaypee Institute of Information Technology in Noida and who made sure that I had food to eat and a place to sleep.
I would not be writing this essay now in the way that I am writing it if I had not been to India. Indeed, this essay is written from the perspective of a traveler who crossed boundaries and who saw India for the first time in his life. Having been in India, albeit only for two weeks and in only a small part of the country, I think I understand India far more than before I went to India. I also see and appreciate Bose in his many-sidedness, as a nationalist and as an anti-imperialist who recognized that World War II provided a critical moment to drive a stake into the heart of the British Empire and who also saw that it might be necessary to form tactical alliances with Germany and Japan. Let’s remember that Stalin and Hitler had a non-aggression pact and that Irish nationalists thought along lines similar to Bose.
I am also reminded at this moment of Bernadette Devlin, the Irish revolutionary who served as a Member of Parliament from 1969 to 1974 and who said famously of the British “kick them when they’re down.” Like Devlin, and like Che Guevara and Nelson Mandela, Bose knew that revolutions often demand not only love but also armed struggle. Indeed, the American abolitionist and ex-slave Frederick Douglass noted, “Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.”
As this book shows, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose belongs in the same company with Douglass, Mandela, Guevera and Devlin—and with Gandhi and Nehru who were among my boyhood heroes. For decades the West has represented the Indian independence movement as non-violent and as pacifist. Now, with this book it will no longer be as easy for the West to ignore Bose and to turn a blind eye on the army of Indian soldiers that he helped to create.
Bose’s life was also a series of adventures. All the way through this book I could see it transformed in a movie with drama and conflict and love and tragedy. It’s too bad, and so sad that Bose died at that critical moment in human history at the birth of the nuclear age. Still, this book brings him to life. The editors and the contributors are to be congratulated for producing a fascinating study in the representation of an Indian hero too often ignored and forgotten. And may I please end this review/ essay with a sobering fact that’s included in this book—namely that the British authorities imprisoned Bose eleven times. The odds seemed to be against him. The world appeared to be hostile to him and his cause and yet he did the right thing for the brief time—just 48 years—that he was on the face of the earth.
When the Special Number was launched in March 2017 in Agra, Subhas Chandra Bose’s grand-nephew Sugata Bose graced the event with his presence. The Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University and a Member of Parliament in the current Lok Sabha, Sugata Bose is an internationally renowned scholar and a living embodiment of his grant-uncle’s legacy. Nibir K. Ghosh’s lively, informative interview with Sugata appears near the front of the Special Number. Sugata offers a slew of important replies to Ghosh’s questions. He observes, for example, that Netaji (the Hindi word for “Respected Leader) was motivated by love and that if he hated, it “was reserved for the oppressive British rule, not the British, and he advocated the friendliest relations with the British people once freedom was won.”
Sugata also says that Netaji “genuinely admired Gandhi” and that there was no final parting of the ways between the Mahatma and his grand-uncle. I also found it significant that Sugata noted that Bose “criticized Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union” and that he, Sugata, admires Hugh Toye’s study of Bose titled, The Springing Tiger. “Considering that it was written by a British intelligence officer who had fought against Netaji and interrogated INA prisoners, the book was remarkable for its broad-minded and balanced approach.” Now there’s a fascinating human element in the story.
If Ghosh’s interview with Sugata Bosh sends readers to The Springing Tiger that’s not a bad thing. Then, too, if it inspires a young scholar or two to dig into the historical record and write a full, complete biography of Netaji that’s all to the good. The Special Issue can only generate more discussion and debate about a man no longer lost in the folds of history. Thanks to Nibir K. Ghosh and the whole team, Netaji Lives!
  • Jonah Raskin, a frequent contributor to Re-Markings, is the author of 14 books, including literary criticism, reporting, memoir, and biography. He has taught journalism, media law and the theory of communication at Sonoma State University, U.S.A. During the height of the cultural revolution of the 1970s, he served as the Minister of Education of the Yippies (the Youth International Party), and maintained close connections with the Black Panthers, the White Panthers, the Weatherpeople, and with radical groups in France, England and Mexico.
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Love’s Labour Gained
Ramesh Chandra Shah
It’s “Love’s Labour” literally, this issue of Re-Markings devoted to Subhas Chandra Bose, Immortal legend of India’s freedom struggle. And, it has borne fruit. For decades Netaji has been consigned to oblivion by our political, academic and cultural seats of power. Reasons for such a collective amnesia of conspiracy of silence are obvious as well as not so obvious. But these facts of reality have, I think, been illuminated for the first time from so many angles and perspectives through a journal which is hardly expected to undertake a stupendous and out of its way task, because of its literary character and orientation. But, paradoxically, now this accomplished event seems to me to acquire and reinforce a strange sense of long-delayed justice and inevitability. Yes, it’s a very complex scenario and history as well as politics (in their set grooves) seem to be of little help in enabling you to crystallize in your anguished mind and sensitivity a substantially, essentially and factually true image of Bose – redeemed from all misunderstandings, distortions and irrelevant accidents. How does one come to terms with such a heroic figure emotionally and intellectually? All times, these present times as well as those bygone times, seem to be utterly out of joint. Who can set them right? Dr. Ghosh’s initiative in this Special Number on Bose has demonstrated the relevance of this question, and to a great extent, has done the job.
We writers in particular – who are innately accused, doomed to comprehend everything through our sensibility rather than pure logic or ideological orientations  (side-taking) – how are we to make  sense and substance of events and phenomena so remote and so tangled or confused? Especially me, who happens to have been nurtured on the example and precepts of heroes like historic figures as Gandhi and Aurobindo – poles apart politically and temperamentally and yet so inseparably related, relevant, and vital to and dependent upon the self-image of our country – our India and our Indian identity, am I any better equipped to know who I am at 80, than I was at 18? How does such a man do justice to such a trio – so inextricably blended together in his imagination – in his idea of India and the uniquely beautiful and meaningful Indian (Hindu) way of walking upon this earth?
I thank Dr. Sisir Kumar Bose – for his “Editorial Note” to Netaji and India's Freedom, published in this issue – for arousing in me an exact image of that emotion, that actual feeling of the “revolutionary situation, without parallel in the history of the Indian struggle and pregnant with immense possibilities including a forcible seizure of power, was obtaining in India in 1945-46 as a direct outcome of Subhas Chandra Bose's activities during the war.” Dr. Bose has given us a feel of how “Subhas Chandra Bose provided to his countrymen in 1945-46, in absentia and as a direct outcome of his wartime activities, a most wonderful opportunity to realise in full the aims of India's national struggle as proclaimed since the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929.” He rightly adds, “The man who commanded Indian history in 1945-46 paid the price of failing to arrive when independence came to the divided subcontinent in 1947.” I appreciate his realistic appraisal of the votaries of a strange and spurious new Bose cult joined by frustrated and defeated politicians.
I must make a special mention of Sunita Rani Ghosh’s essay entitled “Emilie Schenkl: In Letter and Spirit” that highlights a relatively less known chapter in Netaji’s otherwise tumultuous life. It was nothing short of a revelation for me to be acquainted with the rare and exemplary personality of Emilie Schenkl who, despite hailing from an alien culture, states Sunita Rani, “remained very steadfast in her love for Subhas, the love that asked no question, the love that stood the test in allowing him the freedom to offer upon the altar of his nation the dearest and the best.”
Though every piece in this precious collection is a must read for anyone interested in the legendary hero, the two interviews published in the volume are bound to be of special significance. In his conversation with Nibir K. Ghosh, Sugata Bose – the grand-nephew of Subhas Chandra Bose, Harvard Historian and Lok Sabha M.P. – illuminates various dimensions of the personality and contribution of Netaji to the Indian Freedom struggle. His statement, “No one spoke truth to power as Bose did….Bose’s life was an example of tyag or renunciation of power and privilege,” rekindled in me memories of the popular image of Bose that we had in those old days. Mrs. Zeenat Ahmed’s interview (conducted by Tara Sami Dutt and Zara Urouj) reminded me of the film, Rome: An Open Space, wherein a terrible portrait of what the brave intellectuals were made to face at the trial. Well, the Britishers were not equivalent to Nazis and Fascists but “they did everything to break their spirits.” Her plaint, “It is the younger generation who need to bring his name back into prominence,” is something we truly need to ponder on to create an India that Bose dreamt of.
To conclude, I am optimistic in sharing my hope that this Re-Markings’ Special Number, Bose: Immortal Legend of India’s Freedom, will take its rightful place among the most valuable works on the life and times of Subhas Chandra Bose.
·         Padmashree Dr. Ramesh Chandra Shah is an eminent Hindi writer. Besides 11 acclaimed novels, his publications include several collections of Short Stories, Poems, Essays and Plays. He has recently been honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel Vinayak.
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Subhas Chandra Bose: A Legend of
India’s Freedom and Idea of India
Abdul Shaban
To overcome the contemporary emerging challenges to India’s diversity, plurality and nationalism, it is important that Netaji’s ideas and visions get rediscovered and celebrated.
In a span of two years or so, India in 1940s lost two of its rebellious sons. These were Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as ‘Netaji’ and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is lovingly called ‘Bapuji’. The former was lost fighting the British colonialism on India while the latter was killed by a Hindu fanatic while fighting for ‘plural’ India and Hindu-Muslim unity. Both of these leaders differed in their approaches to make India free but the aim was to have free and independent India and to secure its people social justice, equality and development. Whereas Bapuji rebelled through old methods of mobilising people and adopted ‘ahimsa’ against the most powerful colonial and military power of the time, Netaji rebelled from Gandhi’s Ahimsa and allied and negotiated with Axis Powers of the time to forcefully decolonise India from the British. Despite enormous differences in their approaches to make India free, there were some interesting commonalities between them and most important was that they believed in social and ethnic plurality of India and if any of them could have succeeded in securing Independence the way they wanted, the partition of the country could have been avoided.
It is an irony that where Bapuji could get his recognition and received meaningful State and social attentions, which he deserves, Netaji largely got forgotten and today mainly gets portrayed as only regional and ethnic icon, mainly that of Bengal and Bengalis. To overcome the contemporary emerging challenges to India’s diversity, plurality and nationalism, it is important that Netaji’s ideas and policy get rediscovered and celebrated. This can be done not only thorough available documents and evidence, but also through compiling people’s memories and oral narratives about him.
A small, but a meaningful, attempt in this direction has been made by the Special Number of English literary journal Re-Markings (Vol.16, No.1, 2017) launched at Agra by Professor Sugata Bose, grandnephew of Netaji, on 18th March 2017. For many of us it was a rare occasion where people from different religious groups presented their claims to Netaji as their own and in whose dreams they also could locate and imagine their own futures and idea of Independent India. 
Twenty nine scholarly contributions have been published in this special issue of Re-Markings These papers have closely examined life and the contributions of Netaji from various perspectives. While releasing the special number of the journal Sugata Bose, Professor of Oceanic History, Harvard University, U.S.A., remarked, “The refusal to compromise with injustice and wrong was one of the most appealing features in Bose's character. His life was an example of tyag or renunciation of power and privilege. Though Netaji has been neglected in official histories and textbooks, he looms large in popular memory, not just in Bengal, but throughout the subcontinent.” A detailed interview of Mrs. Zeenat Ahmad, wife and companion to Colonel Mahboob Ahmad of Indian National Army (INA), by Tara Sami and Zara Urouj, has been published in this issue. Zeenat Ahamd says, “Bose lost his life for the country and he is not given the recognition he deserves.... We desperately need someone like him, someone who is not self-seeking but can put the country before himself. The idea of being an Indian is dying out”(48). In his paper, Shanker A. Dutt argues, “Subhash Chandra Bose is no exception to the idiosyncrasies of the writing and the writing-into-silence of History…. Remembrance would be meaningful if we understand Bose, the human person, engaging in dialogue with his life, convictions, his writings and his idea of India” (102-110).
In his paper, Abdul Shaban argues that had Subhas Chandra Bose been alive, the partition of the country could have been averted.... He was capable and had all the potential of changing the destiny of the subcontinent and take humanity in this region to a different direction and a brighter common future (78). In a similar vein, N.S. Tasneem argues, “India attained freedom … after the country had been partitioned in a ruthless manner. But it was not freedom of the land that had been envisioned by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose” (100). Bose’s representation of Hindu-Muslim unity and women’s empowerment are examined by Mohammad Asim Siddiqui and Sanjukta Sattar, respectively. Siddiqui argues that Netaji “was very clear about the question of Hindu-Muslim unity. His Azad Hind Fauj was remarkable for drawing soldiers from different sections and different communities” (132), while Sanjukta Sattar argues, “Netaji firmly believed that no country can develop without women's participation and their emancipation and strongly advocated gender equality” (180).
Examining Netaji’s personal life (and charms he could create) through the letters he wrote to his German wife, Emilie Schenkl, Sunita Rani says,“…let us remember with pride and fondness how Emilie Schenkl, a non-Hindu woman from an alien clime and culture could so selflessly devote and dedicate herself, like the legendary Indian women of bygone ages, to her first and only love” (151). And this defines the other side of Subhas’s personality who could connect with his intimates so closely. Shrikant Singh, in his paper on “People who influenced Subhas Chnadra Bose,” argues that even Rabindranath Tagore praised Netaji’s dedication and attachment to the national cause and devoted his song "Ekala Chalo Re" to Bose. This also speaks volumes of the love and reverence Tagore had for Bose.
In sum, papers in the volume make important contribution to the already existing literature on Netaji’s life, his personality, and his vision for India. They convey that we need to celebrate his ideas and his vision, and this need is felt all the more in the current changing political context.
·         Dr. Abdul Shaban is Professor in the School of Development Studies at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai and Deputy Director, Tuljapur Campus. He is author of Mumbai: Political Economy of Crime and Space (2010); Editor of Lives of Muslims in India: Politics, Exclusion and Violence (2012) and Muslims in Urban India: Development and Exclusion (2013).


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© Nibir K. Ghosh

Friday, 8 September 2017

Conversation with Sugata Bose for Bose: Immortal Legend of India's Freedom - Re-Markings Special Number



Professor Sugata Bose at the Launch of Special Re-Markings Number
Bose: Immortal Legend of India's Freedom - Contemporary Critical Orientations at
Agra Club, Agra on 18 March 2017
“A Brighter Future is India’s Destiny”:
A Conversation with Sugata Bose

Nibir K. Ghosh*

Professor Sugata Bose, the grand-nephew of Subhas Chandra Bose, is Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University, U.S.A., and Member of Parliament in the current Lok Sabha. A Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge (1983), his field of specialization is Modern South Asian and Indian Ocean history. A recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship, his publications include Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital; A Hundred Horizons: the Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire; Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy; Nationalism, Democracy and Development; Credit, Markets and the Agrarian Economy of Colonial India; and South Asia and World Capitalism. His most recent book is His Majesty's Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India's Struggle against Empire (2011). An eloquent orator, he has been invited for lectures and talks in various countries: Austria, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, France, Italy, Kuwait, Japan, Malaysia, Netherland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, UAE, U.K. and U.S.A. In this conversation with Nibir K. Ghosh, Professor Sugata Bose offers useful insights into the many dimensions of the life and work of the legendary hero, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Nibir: As an eminent international historian of Harvard fame, how does it feel to be so closely connected to the hallowed personality of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose who is undoubtedly one of the greatest revolutionaries of the Indian Freedom struggle?
Sugata: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose used to say that his family and country were coterminous. My parents taught me since childhood not to claim any special relationship with the great revolutionary based on an accident of birth. I am proud, of course, to belong to the country that produced Subhas Chandra Bose. When my father Sisir Kumar Bose received popular adulation and heard the slogan “Bose khandan zindabad” on his release from prison in September 1945, his father Sarat Chandra Bose told him to remember that this was nothing but Subhas’s “reflected glory.” For Sisir, Netaji was his leader rather than his uncle.
Nibir: You, along with your revered father, Dr. Sisir Kumar Bose, have contributed immensely in bringing into limelight the life, work, speeches, letters and writings of Netaji through the Netaji Research Bureau. What motivated you into undertaking such a challenging enterprise?
Sugata: The credit for preserving and presenting Netaji’s book of life to the world belongs entirely to my father Dr. Sisir Kumar Bose who was ably helped by my mother Krishna Bose and a small band of dedicated workers. My father was convinced that the best traditions of the freedom struggle had to be bequeathed to future generations. He collected letters, documents, speeches, photographs, audio recordings and film footage connected with Netaji from all over the world and disseminated them to the wider public. Since I grew up in tandem with the Netaji Research Bureau he founded in 1957 (I was born in 1956), I helped out in this ambitious project in small ways. I had the good fortune of meeting the noble men and women who had fought for India’s independence under Netaji’s leadership and was inspired by the saga of their suffering and sacrifice. Their story had to be recorded and told. I began to take a more active role once my father’s health began to fail since Netaji’s work had to go on.
Nibir: In a talk delivered at the 5th International Netaji Seminar at Calcutta in January 1985, Peter Fay wondered: “What is the British perception of Netaji and the I.N.A.?” Fay answered the question himself: “Cloudy, I would suggest. Inverted which is a variety of being wrong. Finally, and most obviously, incomplete. It is an incompleteness that comes in part from just refusing to look. Do you know what happened to Netaji in British publications during the war? He disappeared.” In the light of this statement, how would you evaluate Hugh Toye’s The Springing Tiger, the first known assessment of Netaji by a Britisher?
Sugata: I hold a high opinion of Hugh Toye’s biography The Springing Tiger. Considering that it was written by a British intelligence officer who had fought against Netaji and interrogated INA prisoners, the book was remarkable for its broad-minded and balanced approach. Toye made some errors of fact and judgment. For example, he did not have access to records that would later show Netaji had sharply criticized Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union. My father helped him with source materials in the early days of the Netaji Research Bureau and was even criticized in certain Indian circles for helping a British author. After my father’s death Hugh Toye wrote to my mother from Oxford on January 27, 2001, “I no longer take a daily paper, so that it was only the other day that I heard of the departure of your husband, a brave boy who became a great man. He was always very kind – unexpectedly kind – to me.” My father was always willing to help and make the NRB archives available to bonafide researchers. As Leonard Gordon mentions in the preface to his Brothers against the Raj, he never told historians what to write and respected their freedom of expression even if they were critical of the leader he himself adored. I fondly remember Peter Fay whom you quote. His book The Forgotten Army is elegantly written and is one of the finest contributions to scholarship on the Second World War. He was an eloquent speaker and gave a terrific interview for my film Rebels against the Raj, which was telecast on PBS in the late 1980s.
Nibir:  In his Foreword to Toye’s The Springing Tiger, Philip Mason writes: “There are elements repellant in Bose’s character—his arrogance and refusal to compromise….Power corrupted him; he grew more intolerant, more certain. But no one can doubt the stature of the man, his intellectual scope and the passion with which he held his convictions.” From the dual perspective of a historian as well as a kin of Netaji, what are your views on the picture of Netaji as portrayed by Mason?
Sugata: From the singular perspective of a historian (I take no view of Netaji as a family member) I am somewhat amused by Mason’s portrayal, which is quite typical of the old hands of the British raj whose condemnation was often leavened by a grudging admiration for a formidable opponent. The refusal to compromise with injustice and wrong was one of the most appealing features in Bose’s character. I am puzzled by Mason’s conception of power. No one spoke truth to power as Bose did. Bose’s life was an example of tyag or renunciation of power and privilege.
Nibir: How would you react to the opinion of Nirad C. Chaudhari on Subhas Chandra Bose that it was not his love of India but only intense hatred of the British that drove him through most of his life?
Sugata: Nirad C. Chaudhuri was a highly opinionated man who was mistaken in this opinion. It was not just Subhas’s love of India, but love as an essential element, that defined him. As he wrote in his unfinished autobiography, “I see all around me the play of love; I perceive within me the same instinct; I feel that I must love in order to fulfill myself and I need love as the basic principle on which to reconstruct life.” His hatred was reserved for oppressive British rule, not the British, and he advocated the friendliest relations with the British people once freedom was won.
Nibir: If there was an attempt by British historians and scholars to relegate Netaji to the margins of the then contemporary history, does it not seem strange that outside Bengal, the portrayal of Netaji’s role in the Freedom Struggle by Indian historians has not been much different? What causes would you attribute to such neglect of Netaji?
Sugata: Netaji has been neglected only in official histories and textbooks and by court historians in post-independence India. There is a certain price to be paid for being the alter-ego to those wielding state power. He looms large in popular memory, not just in Bengal, but throughout the subcontinent. In fact, I think he is more revered in Punjab and Tamil Nadu and by freedom-loving peoples in many peripheral regions of India than in Bengal. He need not be part of the official canon. I would much rather see him as a subject of independent scholarship in the future.
Nibir: The confrontation that Subhas Bose had with Professor E.F. Oaten at Presidency college, Calcutta led to his expulsion. In An Indian Pilgrim you have included the Poem “Subhas Chandra Bose” penned by Oaten in 1947, decades after the episode. What is your take on the poem especially with regard to Subhas?
Sugata: Oaten's poem is a very interesting one on the audacity and courage of Subhas Chandra Bose's challenge to the British Empire and strikes a note of mourning for the untimely stilling of his patriot heart. It is not by any means a eulogy, but conveys a sense of understanding, reconciliation and respect. My parents had a pleasant meeting with Professor and Mrs Oaten at their country home in 1971 and my father invited him to the First International Netaji Seminar held in January 1973. Professor Oaten could not travel because of poor health but sent a paper titled "The Bengal Student as I knew Him," which was read in absentia and then published in the proceedings Netaji and India's Freedom. My father believed Oaten's perspective should be recorded in the interest of history.
Nibir: In what way did the role and function of Netaji Research Bureau, established in 1957 in Calcutta, contribute to the correction of distorted or incomplete perspectives about the legendary leader?
Sugata: Netaji Research Bureau played a signal role in lighting a flame in 1957 that illuminated the multiple facets of Netaji’s life and work in the decades to come in the midst of complete official apathy. Instead of carping and complaining about governmental neglect, Sisir Kumar Bose set out to do the work that needed to be accomplished against stiff odds. In the process, Netaji Research Bureau was also able to show that the life was more fascinating and salient than the legend. Fringe groups styling themselves as devotees contributed to distorted perspectives on Netaji, just as officialdom could be blamed for incomplete ones. Sisir Kumar Bose lamented the emergence of “a strange and spurious Bose cult.” “Persistent rumors about Bose being alive and flights of fantasy in regard to his whereabouts,” he wrote in the introduction to the proceedings of an outstanding International Netaji Seminar in 1973 (published as Netaji and India’s Freedom in 1975), “prevented the development of a sober, scientific, historical appraisal of India’s only soldier-statesman of modern times.” The “spurious Bose cult” that he deplored is still doing the rounds. If Netaji gets once more shrouded in meaningless mystery, India will be in danger of losing sight of the life and work of a man who was much more than a mythical hero. There is much to learn from Netaji’s book of life in the present and the future.
Nibir: You have mentioned in your Preface to His Majesty’s Opponent that you were initially hesitant in writing a definitive biography of Subhas Chandra Bose. What was the cause of your hesitation? Also, as the grand-nephew of the gigantic historical figure, did you at any time, during the writing of the book, feel the tension of balancing personal relationship and history?
Sugata: I was hesitant because of the family relationship and I was clear that I wanted to write as a historian. Ultimately, I could see that if I had a bias it was likely to be shared by countless people in the subcontinent. Also, I felt the knowledge I had garnered by being associated with NRB and as joint editor of Netaji’s Collected Works had to be put to good use. It takes almost a lifetime of research to write a good book about Netaji. I wrote mine at a time when I felt I had the requisite critical distance and could place Netaji’s life in the context of modern global history.
Nibir: You have quoted a statement by Mahatma Gandhi in His Majesty’s Opponent wherein the Mahatma shows his admiration for Netaji in the context of the INA: “The lesson that Netaji and his army brings to us is one of self-sacrifice, unity—irrespective of class and community—and discipline.” Notwithstanding Netaji’s profound personal admiration and respect for Gandhi, he is candid enough to confess in The Indian Struggle 1920-34: “The leader of the Congress is Mahatma Gandhi–who is the virtual dictator. The Working Committee since 1929 has been elected according to his dictation and no one can find place on that committee who is not thoroughly submissive to him and his policy.” Do you think such an impression could have been instrumental in the ultimate parting of ways between Netaji and the Mahatma?
Sugata: I think Subhas was occasionally too blunt and tactlessly candid in his criticisms of Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s and 1930s. He was honest in expressing his views to a fault, but he also genuinely admired Gandhi. There was no “ultimate” parting of the ways between Netaji and the Mahatma. They fell out in 1939 over the correct strategy to follow in winning freedom, but came closer in the aims and ideology from 1942 onwards. Gandhi recognized and respected Netaji’s greatest achievement in uniting all the religious communities of India.
Nibir: Netaji had inspired millions of Indians based in different parts of the world with his slogan, “Dilli Chalo!” Had he been present when the national flag was unfurled from the ramparts of the Red Fort in Delhi on 15th August 1947, do you think India’s “tryst with destiny” may have been different?
Sugata: This question is about a big “if” of history. I think Netaji and the Mahatma working together may have been able to avert the tragedy of partition. Subhas Chandra Bose would certainly have worked towards an equitable sharing of power among India’s diverse religious and linguistic groups in a federal India. He would also have been more energetic in removing the scourge of poverty, illiteracy and disease in our country.
Nibir: As a historian, what are your perceptions of Netaji’s “discovery of India” with Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Discovery of India?
Sugata: Netaji’s discovery of India took place as a teenager doing social work among the poor and destitute well before his first trip to Europe. Jawaharlal Nehru found himself among the kisans of UP in his early thirties during the non-cooperation movement, having already spent his formative years in Harrow and Cambridge. Both were cosmopolitan figures, but Bose’s cosmopolitanism was more rooted than Nehru’s.
Nibir: From the exalted academic position of Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University, what inspired you to take the plunge into active Indian politics? How do you come to terms with factors like the criminalization of politics which is so common in the Indian context?

Sugata: My primary identity is that of an historian, scholar and teacher. I am simply helping out in the political sphere at a critical historical moment in Indian politics. I felt there needed to be an alternative to the forces of religious majoritarianism and unbridled capitalism that seem poised to overwhelm Indian democracy. I was very reluctant to take the plunge into politics precisely because of the criminalization you refer to. But then, if there is any hope of cleansing Indian politics, we need good people from different walks of life to take active part in democratic political processes.
Nibir: As a Member of Parliament of the world’s largest democracy, what is your vision of India? How do you manage to cope with the challenges of caste, marginalization, communalism and rampant corruption so common to Indian polity?
Sugata: My vision is that of an egalitarian and federal India where historically marginalized people are fully empowered as equal citizens. I cope with the challenges by keep warning my countrymen not to confuse religious majoritarianism with democracy, and uniformity with unity. We need to reclaim patriotism from the chauvinists, religion from the religious bigots, and politics from the corrupt.
Nibir: In one of your recent eloquent speeches in the Lok Sabha, you remarked “I am a nationalist. I believe in a kind of nationalism that instills a feeling of selfless service in our people and inspires their creative efforts.” What is your own agenda for instilling in citizens the idea and practice of selfless service?
Sugata: Even when I speak in Parliament, I see myself as a teacher lecturing in a massive online course on political ethics. Having been a teacher in universities for three and a half decades, I think I communicate quite well with the 18 to 25-year old age group. I hope to persuade this younger generation of the virtue of seva and that they can achieve a sense of deep fulfillment in living for others less fortunate than themselves.
Nibir: “How many selfless sons of the Mother are prepared, in this selfish age, to completely give up their personal interests and take the plunge for the Mother?” This is a question which Subhas asked his mother when he was barely fifteen. Musing over this question a little over a century later, is it possible to respond with any kind of optimism? What, according to you, can be done to attract contemporary Indian youth to the legacy of love and passion for the motherland left behind by the Netaji?
Sugata: Optimism is a pragmatic necessity. In the letters that Subhas wrote as a fifteen-year old to his mother and brother Sarat he described darkness, despair and decline engulfing India. Yet he found refuge in Tennyson-like optimism. “A brighter future is India’s destiny,” he wrote to Sarat. “The day may be far off – but it must come.” I would urge contemporary youth never to lose faith in India’s destiny. However, they should avoid the snare of narrow nationalism. True love for the motherland can only bloom in the garden of a larger humanity.
*Nibir K. Ghosh is Chief Editor, Re-Markings 
www.re-markings.com