Sunday, 7 November 2021

Language, Law and Literature: Exploring Words and Worlds -- Symposium RGNUL (Punjab) & Re-Markings

 

Language, Law and Literature: Exploring Words and Worlds

Online Symposium

Organized by

Department of English, Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law Punjab

in association with

Re-Markings, Biannual Refereed International Journal of English Letters

25th September 2021

Event Highlights

Online symposium on “Language, Law and Literature: Exploring Words and Worlds” was organized by the Department of English, RGNUL Punjab in association with Re-Markings, Biannual Refereed International Journal of English Letters. Prof. Nibir K. Ghosh, Chief Editor Re-Markings and Prof. Prasannanshu, Director Centre for Linguistic Justice and Endangered Languages, NLU Delhi deliberated on the interdisciplinary aspects of law and literature. Prof. G.S. Bajpai, Vice-Chancellor RGNUL, reflected on relationship between law and literature in his inaugural address. He accentuated the role of  literary works in elevating cognitive skills and unravelling social mores of the world. Alluding to the writings of Justice A P Shah, Justice Krishna Iyer, Franz Kafka, Oscar Wilde and Charles Dickens, Prof. Bajpai focussed on the connection between law and literature. Ms. Chanima Wijebandara, Judicial Officer, Sri Lanka and Guest of Honour, talked about the humane, philosophical and ennobling effect of literature. Prof. Ghosh eulogised the academic initiative of RGNUL which underlined the importance of literature for students of law.



The inaugural session was followed by Prof. Prasannanshu’s discourse on importance of law, language and literature in legal education. While speaking on the topic “Law, Language and Literature in the Context of Legal Education and Profession”, he referred to the well-structured oration of Cicero and the importance of good communication skills in the legal profession. Prof. Nibir Ghosh highlighted the epistemological benefits of reading literature. “Narratives,” he said, “have the power to change perspectives.” He observed, “Books are the life long companions of men.” Prof. Nibir K Ghosh spoke on the topic, “Why Literature Matters in the Study and Practice of Law?” “Parables and experiences of great men illuminate minds and leave an indelible imprint on the readers,” he remarked. Citing the works of W.H. Auden, Mahatma Gandhi, Frederick Douglass, August Wilson, Wordsworth and Nani Palkhivala, Prof. Ghosh observed that reading literature emancipated minds. Prof. Nibir Ghosh encouraged the participants to read literary works and invited paragraphs/opinions on the topic “Words and Worlds.” He announced that the best five perspectives would be published in Re-Markings.

Dr. Navleen Multani, Assistant Professor of English and PRO RGNUL Punjab, talked about the significance of artistic works and indispensable role of language in comprehending the substance of law. While dwelling on the theme of symposium, she said, “Words in literary works explore customs, authority, power, paradoxes of equity and legitimacy to provide understanding of morality, law and justice.” Quoting Jacques Derrida, she emphasized on the power of words. Dr. Tanya Mander, Assistant Professor of English, spoke about the importance of language and relevance of examining the intersection of law and literature. After the technical sessions, the ensuing interaction navigated from discussion on role of forensic linguistics in court proceedings to court language and law in literature. The discussion session was moderated by Namah Bose, Pranit Singh and Raghav Arora. Dr. Navleen Multani extended a vote of thanks. 167 participants, including faculty and students, attended the symposium. --Report by Dr. Navleen Multani) 

 




Given below (arranged alphabetically) are the imprints of selected student participants emanating from their passionate response to the Symposium theme. As announced by Prof. Nibir K. Ghosh, five best entries would be published in the forthcoming March 2022 edition of Re-Markings www.re-markings.com

 

WORDS and WORLDS


Aviral Pathak



Word can be defined as a tiny cluster of letters, fundamental elements of a language, arranged in a meaningful sequence. Sequence plays a vital role in deciding the meaning. Same set of letters can have diametrically opposite meaning depending on the sequence of arrangement. Letters a, a, n, s, t forms ‘Santa’ and ‘Satan’, same with ‘united’ and untied’. One's command on language depends on one’s grasp on words, tools of language. The sharper the tools, the firmer the grasp. One must be well-versed with words to create a magic. Words, the magical small symbols, transfer invaluable knowledge and wisdom. Words have been utilised by the prudent people to plant the seeds of innovation. Contrastingly, dictators and unworthy leaders misuse their mastery on words to manipulate mankind. A word can change the world, for better or for worse. Words like love and democracy have brought drastically positive changes in the world, might be a daydream for a few. On the opposite end of the spectrum, association with words like ‘black’ or ‘terrorist’ is no less than a nightmare. Words are the most potent force available to humanity. We may either deploy the positive power vested in words like ‘sublime love’ or utilize words in negative manner like ‘violence’. Words have potential and power to heal, humble, hypnotize, humiliate, hinder and hurt. Words are so powerful that defining their power in words is impossible. Is this a limitation of the power of words?

Charvi



Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the western spiral arm of the galaxy lies a small unregarded ‘Word World’. Alphabets are born with a gift of laughter and a sense that there were two worlds in which they have to live. Alphabets, the inhabitants of the ‘Word World’, come together to form relationships that are known as words. All words have their essence and each alphabet plays a particular role in every relationship. Like humans, the alphabet performs different roles in different relationships. These relationships/words belong to a clan i.e., language. Every clan is ruled by its distinct law, grammar. Some roles are more important than others. Despite their presence, a few are ignored. Like ‘h’ in honesty goes unrecognised. There does exist a hierarchy of relationships. A few words are more emphatic than others. Others have a positive connotation while many have a negative connotation. All in ‘Word World’ know “You get meaning in the next world. In this world, you have the words.” It is the human world that recognises words. Human world in itself is a word that understands the essence of each word. ‘Word World’ is a foreign country but it is very much like the ‘Human World’. Each word has many meanings. Like human beings, the words of this world are transient. They are assigned a meaning that narrows or broadens with changing times.

Deepali


Words play a very important role in our life. They serve as a means for us to communicate and express ourselves. Words have a great effect on human mind. A single phrase can spark friendship, whereas a string of words can spark enmity. Words have the power of changing the world. This power resides in everyone but only a few know the exact use of it. The great reformers of world such as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Raja Ram Mohan Roy have all used the power of words to reform the society. The words of Mahatma Gandhi helped him in invoking the people of India against the Britishers. Nelson Mandela invoked the people of South Africa to fight for their freedom through his words. Hitler’s declaration that Germans were the most outstanding race enabled him to influence the people of Germany and take the world by storm. Words make the world go round. Words are the only constant thing that connects men and women from different time period and different nations. Words, in many ways, give meaning to our lives. We must learn to enchant other souls with the beauty of our words, allowing them to sustain and transform us in the process. We make a difference in the world with our words.

Diya Gaur

 Words stand at the core of human speech and expression. Poems, short stories, novels, biographies and articles are all arrangements of sensible words that have the power to engage the readers and listeners. In today’s world, orating and writing skills are significant to express your opinions efficiently and for better connectivity. However, the sensibility and comprehensibility of these words is not universal and varies across languages, people and disciplines. Human speech is complex in nature and there are varied languages. Linguistic differences between people may hinder their communication.  If the people are unfamiliar with the language, even the most complex and eloquent words will not make sense. However, the gap between these different linguistic worlds is now narrowing down with the advent of technologies and globalisation. Even if they are used by the people who communicate in the same language, the relevance and coherence of these words is paramount. A speech prepared for delivering before medical practitioners may be extraneous in front of children. An ill- defined structure of speech may be incomprehensible and incoherent. As far as the use of the words in various disciplines is considered, the nature and relevance of words differ greatly from one another for instance, in law, legal language is relevant and may not be understood by everyone, especially those who do not have a prior knowledge of the legal domain. They are complex and technical in nature and require interpretation. Intricate terms that have a scientific meaning are used in the scientific domain like the medical field. These kinds of words require scientific knowledge and may not be understood by a layman. Despite of these differences, be it the literary world or the legal world or even the scientific world, their subject matters are enriched by words. Words have a diversified nature and hold significance depending upon the ‘world’ they are used in. They are the tools of communication that are intrinsic to human speech and expression.

Jaiveer Singh


The pages of my notepad with recommendations of various literary works scribbled on them flip and flutter with the gentle breeze. It appears like a treasure chest opening layer by layer. Though it took me a few minutes to compile but would require my entire legal career to critically comprehend the astute observations on language and literature. All thanks to the virtual Symposium organised and coordinated by Dr. Navleen Multani, Assistant Professor of English and Public Relation Officer, Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab on 25th September, 2021. It dealt with intersections between law and literature.

The resource persons, Prof. (Dr.) Prasannashu, Director, Centre for Linguistic Justice and Endangered Languages NLU Delhi and Dr. Nibir K. Ghosh, UGC Emeritus Professor and  Chief Editor, Re-Markings, deliberated on the significance of language and literary works for students of law. Ms. Chanima Wijebandara, Magistrate Judicial Officer,Sri Lanka and the author of  book Tea & Me, the guest of honour in addition also focussed on empathic and ethical elements that may be learned through literature. Prof. (Dr.) G.S. Bajpai, Vice- Chancellor, RGNUL urged the students to read the judgements of Lord Denning, Krishna Iyer and Oliver Wendell Holmes which have literary overtones. Writings of Indian wordsmiths such as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, P.L. Deshpande and Shrilal Shukla address issues of power, authority and the rule of law. He referred to Munshi Premchand as a ‘world-class criminologist and legal researcher’. While Dr. Ghosh described words as lens to view the world anew Dr. Prasannashu termed it Shabd Brahma (Universe with sound). A legal practitioner must walk the path that leads from Ekantavada (One sidedness) to Anekantavada (Many sidedness). Apart from that, Vidya Dadati Vinayam (Knowledge gives us humility) should be his/her mantra. Legal practice involves client interview, witness examination, judgments and draft writing which makes proficiency in language essential. Orators like Cicero were able to decipher this code of law. Cicero‘s Pro Archia Poeta in defense of Aulus Licinus Archias is a classic which tackles contemporary questions in particular citizenship. A flautist can teach us how to present arguments as if they were pure tones and soothing notes, adapting the fingerings on the flute to the acoustics of the courtroom. In response to questions, Dr. Prasannashu discussed forensic linguistics by alluding to Mahant Narendra Giri Death Case as an example and linguistic justice in terms of NEP, 2020.

Prof. Ghosh began his discourse by acknowledging the eyes continuously monitoring him, scattered over kilometers physically as ‘Big Brothers’.  He spoke on the values that are entrenched in literature recounting Haar Ki Jeet by Sudarshan revolving around hermit Baba Bharati, his horse Sultan and extortionist Khadak Singh along with plagiarism accusation levelled against August Wilson during his high school years. Captive slave turned activist Frederick Douglass is highly recommended to read about. Subsequently he traced the path of Indian jurist Nani Palkhivala from an avid reader since childhood to the epithet of ‘God‘s Gift to India’. We must follow our Atma (Soul), our innate moral compass to be more like transformed Khadak Singh who returned Sultan rather than departing as most dangerous animal. Dr. Navleen Multani and Dr. Tanya Mander, Assistant Professors of English shared the impressions they had. The event came to a close with a song that pulled at everyone‘s heartstrings. Hmm, but whose song? The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind!


Jashandeep Kaur


“Words are sacred. They deserve respect. If you get the right ones in the right order you can nudge the world a little.” remarked Tom Stoppard. Words play a very important role in everyday life. We live in a world where language is very important to express our feelings and to communicate with each other. Language has thousands of words with different connotations. Our word choice reflects our personality and it gives clarity of our expression to others. If we consider famous literature, we can understand the value of word choice. The writers use words that can strongly express their ideas to the readers. The word-choice requires good vocabulary skills and good command of language. These skills can be attained through reading of literature. Lawyers are referred to as the wordsmith as they use words to plead cases. Words are the most powerful tools for lawyers. If a person does not have a good command of the language and words then he cannot have a good command of the law. Literature helps in learning many new words and understanding many problems. Most of the literature is based on real-life problems, social issues and moral values that can be used to give judicial opinions on similar issues. Many judges/judicial officers around the world cite the relevant and important literature in judgement. This can give a clear understanding of the judgement to laymen. Northrop Frye aptly remarks, “Literature speaks the language of the imagination and the study of literature is supposed to train and improve the imagination.”

Khushi Kaul



“How can law and literature be interrelated?” This is a question that perplexed me before I attended the deeply engaging Symposium “Language, Law and Literature: Exploring Words and Worlds” organised by the department of English, Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab on September 25, 2021. Eminent speakers Prof. (Dr.) Prasannanshu (Director, Centre for Linguistic Justice and Endangered Languages, NLU-Delhi) and Dr. Nibir K. Ghosh (UGC Emeritus Professor, Chief Editor Re-Markings) enlightened the attendees. Any misconception or doubt that I had in my mind about the relation between law, language, and literature got clarified after this informative seminar. Law, language and literature are almost inseparable. Language and literature are tools for the interpretation and practice of law. Law is a set of rules which is expressed and communicated through languages. One who has a command over language has an equal command over law. Laws can be interpreted by a competent lawyer in his client’s favour, if he has good mastery over the language. It has been observed that great lawyers are often brilliant orators. For example, Cicero, who was a lawyer in the Roman era, was also considered one of the greatest orators of his time, for his discourses on politics and society. Literature, more often than not, conveys the essence of law, or lack of it, through many stories it holds in its repository. A narrative about injustice in society often creates an equal impact in the minds of scholars and practitioners of law. During the freedom movement, many popular and great authors expressed the oppression and suffering of the enslaved nation through their literary works. These powerful and impactful writings were considered to be the voice of the people and represented their emotions. Famous works of Munshi Premchand, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rabindranath Tagore, made the stakeholders of the Justice System conscious of the condition of the masses and had an impact on the reforms adopted to deliver relief and justice to the people. In my opinion, the greatest piece of literature pertaining to law is the Constitution of India, drafted by the Constituent Assembly headed by Babasaheb Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as its Chairman. The Constitution of India is a marvellous piece of literary art, composed with great precision and thought. I firmly believe that the Constitution of India should not only be regarded as a statutory document that empowers the State and the citizens by laying down the framework of fundamental principles, rights, and duties, but also be an integral part of the phenomenal literature of modern India. The interdisciplinary connection that binds people and society in a symbiotic relationship is expressed through words by law and literature.

 

Manvitha B. S.


The Earth revolves around the Sun and powerful words rotate the Earth. The physical world is creation of God and words are medium of communication. Words rule and govern the thoughts of the people. Words are extremely powerful tools that crystallize perceptions and emotions of human beings. “The words convey a fundamental truth about the relationship between what we say, the perceptions we hold and the imagery we evoke” (Brookings.edu). The word is a weapon which can either destroy the brave new world or create a better world.

George Orwell observes, “If thought corrupts language, language can corrupt thoughts.” The discrimination perpetually prevailed in the world. The words of the king can lead to war,           the words of the judge can end life, the words of the police can set up a mass killing and words of love can bring peace in the world. The words can create a champion and also a criminal. A champion or a criminal is created by the strong words used by the people to impact their thoughts. Benjamin Franklin said, “Remember not only to say the right thing in the right place, but far more difficult still, to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment.”

The world can be changed by using the powerful weapon words. The words are sharper than the sword and softer than the heart. The humanized words can convert the criminals into champions of the world. The words can eliminate the evils of the world by peaceful words. The word is the king of the world, it can be Sinful King or Virtuous King.

Ria Bansal



A long time ago, before dinosaurs and tik-tok existed, God said, “Let there be light”,  the world was created. Another man, no less than god, said, “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom. ”With that, independent India, as we know it today, was born. Somewhere across the great oceans, Hitler spoke words like stone, but to the audience, they were like honey. Those words were so compelling that they were ready to kill for him, losing themselves in a frenzy of devotion. And what did it take to make them so? Words. Why is the spoken word so destructive? Why is it so effective? The speeches of simple men make them extraordinary. However, not always in the positive sense.  The Rashomon effect is one such case, where words that should be identical, provide different worlds. Filmmaker Akira Kurosawa first employed this storytelling technique in his film Rashomon (1950).  Essentially, it is about situations in which individuals have distinctive yet equally plausible accounts of what happened. In many cases, this is used to highlight the unreliability of eyewitnesses and the power of the spoken word to distort the truth. The two most common reasons for such fallacies are a lack of tangible evidence or a desperate need to achieve closure. An alleged bandit was accused of killing the Samurai in the film. A trial was held for the woodcutter, the priest (who saw the Samurai and his wife before the murder), the Samurai's wife, the bandit, and even the ghost of the Samurai. There are, however, multiple versions (accounts) of what happened at the event. The film ends in an ambiguous manner without any resolution. The beauty of the film lies in the fact that even the truth is arbitrary if there are no words attached to it. The way we understand trees, people, feelings etc. is through words. There is absolutely no concept of a world without words. However, these words can be dangerous if used in absolute terms. While in an academic conference different perspectives about the same topic can be useful, in a court variation in opinion causes conflicts to further the law.


H.P.S. Sunidhi Das

The synergistic relationship displayed by the two academic disciplines namely literature and law has been subjected to evolution over the years, only to result in the establishment of an ethical grundnorm and a flexible lexicon. The diverse genres of literature, i.e, poetry, non-fiction, satire, drama etc. have been incorporated in language of law. Literature adds meaning to the immutable language of Law. The facets of literature vary from communication between communities/individuals in ancient Mesopotamia to  inscription of  journeys of transformation by Gregor Mendel in the times of yore and Yuval Noah Harari today. Various works penned by renowned literary writers – George Orwell, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, D. H. Lawrence, William Wordsworth, John Milton and Harper Lee enlighten minds.

Law guides and dictates the human behaviour to avoid aberrations in a subset of language that is cold and lifeless. The origin of this subject is an enigma, but the practice of Law can be traced back to the various civilisations such as the Sumerian Code of Ur-Nammu, the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Edicts of Ashoka in India. Franz Kafka’s timeless tale The Trial is quintessential to the legal theory of basic rights and corroborates that democracy does not condone a textualist approach. The interdisciplinary subject finds its bearing in the landmark judgements such as the Right to Privacy case in Justice K. S. Puttaswamy vs. UOI and Sayra Bano vs. UOI dealing with Triple Talaq. Law plays the role of an afflatus for the writers as their literary pieces seek orientation from diverse themes in establishing a grundnorm encompassing various facets such as politics, economics and history into the dimensions of law in furtherance of its advancement.

Shagnik Mukherjea

“It is a sin to write this. It is a sin to think words no others think and to put them down upon a paper no others are to see.” - Ayn Rand

The interdisciplinary study of law and literature helps us understand the complex relationships between law, culture and the linguistic notions of justice. It creates tangible differences in the approaches of analysing legal texts in diverse contexts. This dichotomy between the spirit of the law versus the letter of law, first popularized in 16th century England by William Shakespeare, continues to play an essential role in analysing jurisprudence to date. It is often the case that legal aspects of societies represent the public zeitgeist, which constantly shifts and evolves as time progresses. Consequently, law, both theoretical and practical, is not a constant but instead a variable shaped by public sentiment and perception as cultures continue to develop and change. Owing to this unique phenomenon, the study of literature illustrates a humane perspective essential to understanding the concept of justice while also providing a philosophical approach to comprehend the reasoning and practical application of these laws. It provides a means to quantify the cultural evolutions of societies as well as the opportunity to reflect and critique these ever-changing aspects of civilizations. In the past, the torture of prisoners of war and the use of chemical weapons were legal, as were anti-Semitic laws and slavery. All of these instances, which are all forms of legal literature, illustrate the crucial difference between law and morality, the latter of which can only be grounded by the public zeitgeist and explored through language and literature. The explicit immorality of these statutes was part of the contemporary social identity, as were the events that ended these practices. The critiques and commentaries that helped evolve and change these public sentiments over time stand as a testament to the power wielded by literature. It is this unique ability of literature to not only provide an objective analysis of scenarios, but also to help shape and evolve societal expectations through theatre, fiction, and poetry, which helps societies and their aspects of law and justice to progress and evolve.


Shashank Tripathi




The course of history changed drastically with the birth of the first civilizations. With unprecedented growth of intellect, humans could transform their ideas into material and material into resources. But any transformation needs a medium to pass through;  the transformation of ideas was no anomaly and it required a medium too. Literature as that transformative medium today stands taller than the transformation itself as it facilitated the human civilization to  carry forth every innovation and idea that it came across. The existence and role of literature goes far beyond the present understanding of its origin and behoves us to delve deeper into its relevance today. A very few languages among the pool of dialects that might have existed in the past are alive leaving us uninformed about the intricacies of language and literature that led to the creation of modern world. This scarcity of information clubbed with underestimation of literary merit is responsible for the narrow vision towards literature and indifference towards its role, and therefore demands a rigorous reorientation. In the common parlance literature is seen as a culmination of ideas and their poetic and creative expression, while in reality it moves a step forth to form the philosophical, economic and political foundations of the society. Ranging from the Greek civilization to the Indus valley and Saraswati civilizations, the precedent to material outcome has been literature in the form of stories, philosophy, art, languages and science. The archaeological findings are limited to a fraction of literature which was produced only after the establishment of civilization, but it would be a flawed assumption to consider literature a successor of material outcome. Rather in fact, evidences of documented history conclude that any major human endeavour is preceded by a complex philosophical, literary and artistic legacy which facilitates the materialization of the same. Therefore, it would be a reasonable assertion and imperative realization that every major or minor civilization was made possible by a preceding set of literary tradition. The illegible scripts, cave arts, manuscripts and lost languages are the expressions of the forgotten ancestors who were dedicated for a historic revolution of mankind. It is no exaggeration to treat literature as an all-pervasive power that has shaped, shapes, and will continue to shape the society and its experiences.

Everyman limits literature to plays, novels, and poetry but an observant sees it penetrating all that exists ranging from law, religion, philosophy and science to everything else that drives the society. The all-pervasiveness is the cause for literary tradition being a parameter of progress since time immemorial: The Golden Greek period, Golden era of Islam and Golden  period of Indian history - literature adorns them all. This observation highlights the relationship between prosperity of society and literary output. Prosperity may or may not be completely dependent upon tradition and quality of literature produced, but history highlights that no society capable of producing extraordinary literature has ever  lacked economic, intellectual or influential prosperity. The 21st Century stands as a decisive battleground which can make or break the society. The world is facing cultural, ecological, political, spiritual and moral  indecisiveness. The clashes of indecisiveness and prior convictions are more prevalent than ever before and seek intellectual intervention to guide it. Literature as the eyewitness of the ancient and creator of tomorrow has the central role to play in this intervention. Rising above the narrow definition of literature and assisting this intervention for welfare of all is essential. As in Mahabharata, the greater picture of life was essential for Arjuna to move forth wisely; to evolve into a civilization more advanced and wise, world will have to rely upon larger understanding of literature leaving behind the banal understanding. The day society or an individual dives into literature, the history of civilizations will start to unfold, the untold stories will find space and the wisdom will give rise to the "Golden" period of 21st century. That shall be the re-establishment of literature as a mark of civilization, and words as the predecessors of a blissful new world. 

Shreya Jain

Literature becomes woven into the fabric of law and is aimed at people’s welfare. While a piece of literature does not have legal authority, it plays a paramount role by way of the precedential value of the opinion in which it appears. Works of literature have a societal context and delve deep into the limitless human experience. Vulnerable communities across the world have voiced their concerns by invoking popular imagination through literature and have significantly endeavored to take their struggle to the legal domain. For instance, the judgment of Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of West Bengal mentioned the stories of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyaya to uphold the inherent right to life of sex workers in India.

Political Thinkers such as Locke and Thomas Jefferson enunciated that law protects the inalienable natural rights of human beings and conforms to moral standards. Literature aids the lawmakers to determine morality in law. Literary works in a narrative form reiterate the wrong use of law that leads to gross injustice. Literary works evoke human emotions, connect us to the reality of the society and make us realize the true meaning of substantive justice. Freedom as an ideal has customarily been treated with reverence, forming an integral part of law in democracies but Richard Bach’s Jonathan Livingston Seagull states that true law  leads to freedom.  Portia's Speech in The Merchant of Venice brought in the intrinsic value of mercy in law. The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini expose the brutal, repressive laws introduced by the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird explores prejudices, violence and hypocrisy. Literary texts emphasize that there are a set of higher moral principles against which law is to be judged and laws which impede human rights should be challenged by the people. In contemporary times, protests against unfair laws and regimes find traces of literature in them. The ‘three finger’ salute used by protesters in Thailand and Myanmar is inspired by the ‘Hunger Games Salute’. Literature has the potential to transform social movements and as law is a testimony to the will of the people, the intersection of law and literature has immense value. Literature can also enrich the legal narrative as an inductive representation of people’s thought process subtly encapsulated in literary works. Law in its bare form has to be put to wide interpretation; literature’s deep reflections can be extremely fruitful. A literary bent helps lawyers argue proficiently and judges articulate better. An advocate is the officer of the law and literature inspires him/her to uphold the flag of justice. Hence, we can conclude that law and literature are inexplicably intertwined and share a connection which is beneficial for the entire humanity.



Vanshika Jain



Literary works present narratives that are related to law. Franz Kafka’s Trial deals with legal issues. Literature is not only a medium to represent good aspects of law but also the means to expose the weaknesses of law. Charles Dicken’s Bleak House brings out the loopholes in the legal system by following a lawsuit. Such an exploration enables reforms in the order. As far as  literature in law is concerned, judges often make use of phrases, metaphors, quotes, literary examples, couplets to depict the characteristic passion of the courtroom, the sentiments of witnesses and the emotions of the parties. It becomes essential for the judge to use these so as to convey the true combination of pronouncements, the one which is able to reflect and mirror the proceedings to such an extent that it instils confidence in the public and brings out transparency. Literature also evokes empathy. For instance, a number of literary works have been cited by the court to communicate the message of human dignity as mentioned in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution while upholding the decision of conviction and sentence of life imprisonment to the accused in the famous case law of Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of Bengal. When citing these literary texts, one must be careful not to lose sight of the main purpose, the main concept, behind the judgment, or else literature as a tool to assist law will cease to be useful.  Law in literature showcases a general aspect of law and is a layman’s language not of a lawman. At the same time, literature in law serves as a tool for comprehensible judgments accompanied by sentiments and emotions. However, literature does not replace the law. Literature supplements the law.

 

 

https://youtube.com/watch?v=-xeAWc0plIw&feature=share

Why Literature Matters in the Study and Practice of Law

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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