‘Erecting Bridges to Re-link the World’: A Conversation
with
Comrade Morakabe Raks Seakhoa
Nibir K. Ghosh
Comrade Raks Morakabe Seakhoa heads the
wRite Associates (in South
Africa) a one-stop public relations, strategies, project and event management
agency that delivers highly effective implementable services and products,
focused mainly within the arts, culture and heritage sector and beyond. From
1988 to 1997, he tenured as the Regional Co-ordinator and Secretary General of
the Congress of South African Writers (COSAW). He has been Convenor of the
Arts, Culture & Heritage Commission of the South African Chapter of the
African Renaissance. He helped raise the visibility of South African literature
and its writers through numerous events and activities. He has been involved in
almost all aspects of the arts, culture and heritage since his release from a
5-year incarceration on Robben Island (1979-1984). Prior to and post his arrest
and incarceration, he’d been involved in student, youth and political activism.
He is currently Senior projects Co-ordinator at SAMSA (South African Maritime Safety
Authority), focusing on, among other projects, the Maritime Heritage
Project he founded and launched on the 38th World Maritime Heritage Day, September 2016. For more information on this visit their website: www.samsa.org.za and check blog on maritime heritage.
In this conversation Comrade Raks reflects on his role as an activist and poet during and after the tumultous anti-apartheid struggle.
In this conversation Comrade Raks reflects on his role as an activist and poet during and after the tumultous anti-apartheid struggle.
Ghosh: Any reference to South Africa obviously reminds
one of apartheid. As a social and political activist what memories of the
repressive apartheid regime still remain vivid for you?
Seakhoa: The apartheid spatial planning still
lives with us, so, much as one tries to ‘move on’ with life, it is not easy as
the effects thereof are painfully evident and continue to define the psyche and
identity of South Africans along racial, more than even class lines.
Ghosh: What events or circumstances initially motivated
you to choose the path of rebellion?
Seakhoa: I was about 8 or 9 years old when my
Mother went with me to town and was amazed at the stark inequalities between my
Uitkykrural village life and that of the Lichtenburg white town folk. Electricity,
water coming from taps, tarred roads, everything that my village lacked was in
abundance in this town. I remember saying to my Mother, “when I grow up, I’m
going to live in this town.” In 1975, at 14 or 15 I moved from the village to
one of South Africa’s oldest townships, Evaton, in the Vaal Triangle (now
Sedibeng District), Gauteng Province, where I got introduced to the struggle
against apartheid in general and Afrikaans as a medium of instruction. It was
just before the Soweto June 16 1976 uprising and the prevailing mood was
generally rebellious against the Apartheid regime. We started to question a
whole lot of things, marching against the government and related institutions
over school-related and general issues around racial and class discrimination.
Ghosh: What activities as a student leader led to
your imprisonment at the now famous Robben Island?
Seakhoa: Though I was not necessarily a
student leader, I was always involved in anti-apartheid activities. What led
directly to my incar-ceration on Robben Island was an act of sabotage that we –
with 5 of my colleagues I recruited from Soweto and Sebokeng – carried out on a
house of an apartheid security police officer in my Sebokeng town-ship. Through
the then-banned Radio Freedom, broadcast by the ANC from Zambia and Tanzania,
we obeyed ANC President, Comrade Oliver Tambo’s call to rid our townships of
apartheid spies and sellouts, these included black police. What inspired the
attack was our anger at this African cop’s agility and over-enthusiasm in
ransacking the house of one of our leaders and mentors, Thabiso Ratsomo, during
a police raid thereon. A white apartheid security police captain had asked
Thabiso if he had a passport and when the latter said he did not have one, the
black cop did not believe him and proceeded to rip open the ceiling from which
fell a number of books, some banned and others deemed ‘undesirable’ by the
apartheid regime. Needless to say, our handcuffed and manacled Comrade Thabiso
ended up having his charges increased and sent to Robben Island.
Ghosh: What prominent experiences come to mind
when you recall your five-year imprisonment from 1979-84 at Robben Island?
Seakhoa: Robben Island was a leading political
economy university, among a number of other subjects taught there. It was also
a testing ground of what we wanted the new liberated South Africa to be like.
Kolkhos, one of the Russian Revolution’s policies of collectivization found
converts in us on the Island. The little money we were sent (by parents and
others) on the Island was subject to equal sharing with those Comrades who were
not that fortunate.
Ghosh: At Robben Island you had the opportunity of
meeting Nelson Mandela, the icon of the anti-apartheid movement. In what way
did the meetings with him impact your own belief and vision?
Seakhoa: Well, Comrade Madiba did not disappoint by his sheer gigantic presence
and sense of leadership. The first time I met him he was with the other Rivonia
Trialists, after they'd consulted with their lawyers. What stands out for me is
what he said, speaking on behalf of them all, that “you must debunk this myth
that we are larger than life! We are all equal in this organisation, the ANC,
and if you find we do not want to be corrected when and if we are not taking it
in the proper direction, it's your duty and task for you to take over and
correct things!”
Ghosh: “Never again shall it be that this
beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another.” In the
light of this characteristic statement by Nelson Mandela, the winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, can we now presume that “oppression” in any form is
a thing of the past in South Africa?
Seakhoa: Because the economic might of South
Africa is still in the hands of the minority, it will take a very long time to
shed the country of racism and class oppression. A few examples are utterances
of some whites still referring to Africans as monkeys or shooting them dead and
say they mistook them for animals.
Ghosh: It is amazing that with all your activism
in the field of politics you found the time to write exquisitely powerful
poetry? What factors initiated you into the literary world?
Seakhoa: I have to thank my late Father, Koko,
for instilling the love of reading as he was always reading newspapers even
though he didn’t go far with school. My interest in reading was further
sharpened at school and also listening to poetry by political activists who
wrote and performed their poetry at political funerals of the post 1976 Soweto
Uprisings.
Ghosh: When did you write your first poem? What
was it about?
Seakhoa: One of the earliest poems I remember
writing is titled, “I Hate You, Bullet” in 1977. I wrote it at a funeral of a
very young boy (about 7 or 8 years of age), in Soweto, who was shot dead from
under a scrapped car where he was hiding away from police.
Ghosh: What striking similarities or differences
do you see in the literature written during the apartheid and the
post-apartheid periods?
Seakhoa: Our literature is becoming more whole
now, in that it reflects on both the past but also more on the present. Current
issues, such as HIV/AIDS, same-sex relationships, corruption, etc. feature
quite a bit in our literature. Also a lot of books are coming out, reflecting
on past exile experiences, betrayals, mutinies in the liberation army camps
etc.
Ghosh: Do you believe in using words as weapons?
Seakhoa: Indeed! With poetry, music, art etc.
we have been able to do lots, e.g. the ANC’s Amandla Cultural Ensemble played a
big role in mobilising international Communities against apartheid before 1994.
Ghosh: In his own time P.B. Shelley called poets
“unacknowledged legislators.” In our time W.H. Auden, who once concurred with
Shelley, retracted his opinion and said “Poetry makes nothing happen.” What,
according to you, should ideally be the role of a poet or writer?
Seakhoa: For me, the role of the writer or
poet is to shine light in the darker crevices of society, thereby opening
people’s eyes to these and thus, in a small way, calling them to action!
Ghosh: You have the rare distinction of being
closely associated simultaneously with two Nobel Laureates from South Africa:
Nelson Mandela and Nadine Gordimer. As an anti-Apartheid activist your
admiration for Mandela needs no justification. What aspects of Gordimer’s life
and work were you influenced by?
Seakhoa: Comrade Nadine was what the Germans refer to
as a “mensch!” or we in South African indigenous languages would say she had
“ubuntu” or “botho”, that is, she exemplified “humaneness” and “humanity.” She
was also a very consistent and uncompromising political and human rights
activist, these coming through her writing and everyday life.
Ghosh: Seamus Heaney referred to Gordimer as one of
the "the guerrillas of the imagination." What is your view on
Heaney’s epithet? Also, in what way did the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature
to Gordimer impact the literary world of South Africa?
Seakhoa: Seamus Heaney is perfectly right! Comrade
Nadine was a guerilla of the imagination in literal and metaphoric senses! She
may not have joined the ANC’s uMkhonto we Sizwe liberation military army by
carrying arms and blowing up things, but in a sense she did exactly that as her
writing contributed in no small measure blowing up apartheid and preparing the
basis for our liberation. She, in her lifetime, helped freedom fighters skip
our borders into exile and military training as well as helping support and
harbour some guerillas who came back into the country.
Ghosh: In one of your
poems written in honour of Gordimer after she passed away, you say, “Comrade
Nadine, you came to me on this particular Xmas day,/ As if to question our
silent munching your legacy away.” How would you interpret this statement?
Seakhoa: This refers to the fact that, Comrade Nadine, popular and
having been such a very committed writer and activist, her legacy is not being
celebrated enough. We are still to have a memorial service in her honour since
her passing on a good two years ago! I am glad, however, that there are plans
afoot to revive the Nadine Gordimer Annual Lecture that’ll probably be staged
in her birthday month of November. Her legacy is too huge not to be honoured
and perpetuated, especially among the youth.
Ghosh: You had the privilege of presenting
personally to Mandela the precious collection of poems titled Halala Madiba–Mandela in Poetry that you edited with
Nadine Gordimer and Richard Bartlett. How
did Mandela react to your unique initiative of bringing together poets from
various countries and cultures in the anthology to offer their glowing tribute
to the legend? What common traits highlighting Mandela’s struggle did you find
in the collection?
Seakhoa: Oh,
Comrade Mandela was like a little kid being given a candy when Sindiswa (my
wife), Comrade Nadine and I proudly handed over to him this precious poetry
collection! He, in his trademark modesty, said he was not deserving of such a
tome from some of the world’s most outstanding poets, including some of his
friends and comrades such as Nobel Laureates Wole Soyinka and Seamus Heaney, as
well as Cuban author Nancy Morejon Hernandez and U.S.A. young poet musician
Tupac Shakur.
Ghosh: You
were once denied the U.S. Visa on the grounds of your internment at Robben
Island when you were invited to participate at a panel discussion at Brown
University, Rhode Island. What was your reaction to this episode concerning the
world’s most powerful democracy that boasts of the inalienable rights of “life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness”?
Seakhoa: I was surprised with this reaction from “the
land of the free and home of the brave,” especially because a few years before,
I’d accompanied Comrade Nadine to the African Literature Association conference
in the Atlanta where she was going to deliver the keynote address and I to
introduce her. When the U.S. Consulate initially refused me the visa back then,
Comrade Nadine called the then Consular General about this and a few minutes
later, the Consular General herself called me back to her office and, voila! my
visa was handed to me and in a few hours, Comrade Nadine and I were aboard a
plane to the U.S.! I was too excited to realise that they gave a restricted
visa, valid just for a few months! My feeling is that anti-apartheid freedom
fighters’ names must be removed, en masse, from the U.S. “list of terrorists”
and not ourselves to do so individually. After all, ours was a just and a noble
cause against what the UNO had declared “a crime against humanity.”
Ghosh: You considered Chinua Achebe as “A Man of the
People” and as a Crusader for “Social Justice.” To what extent did Achebe’s
writings influence the man and the writer in you? Don’t you think it strange
that though separated by colour, race, culture and gender lines, both Achebe
and Gordimer were engaged in battling against oppression in all forms to uplift
humanity?
Seakhoa: Well, I met Comrade Professor Achebe long
before I met him, through his very relevant literary work that influenced not
only me but hundreds of other activists back in the 1970s. His work was and
remains so akin to our lived experiences during those heady days of fighting
against racist apartheid oppression and capitalist exploitation. When I was in
jail, his work, like Comrade Mandela said, “brought down the jail walls” around
us. I was privileged to have been part of bringing him to South Africa to
deliver the Steve Biko Annual Memorial Lecture over ten years ago. It goes
without saying that he spent a lot of time with his fellow fighter and author,
Comrade Nadine when he was here on many public and private platforms. I am glad
to say I basked in the glory of it all, being in the esteemed company of these
literary giants, my truest mentors.
Ghosh: In diverse capacities you have played a
stellar role in bringing together writers from different communities, cultures
and nations through various organizations like the Congress of South African
Writers (COSAW), the South African Writers’ Federation (SAWFED), and wRite
Associates etc., besides the exciting collaboration you formed between South African and Cuban poets. What motivated you into
taking such spectacularly unique initiatives? What role and function can these
communities of writers assume in addressing issues and concerns in this
conflict-ridden era marked by the imminent “clash of civilizations”?
Seakhoa: I think it is the duty of us all, as writers,
artists, academics and organisers to never stop making writers meet and work
together from different backgrounds. It is only through these interactions, dia-logues
and exchange programmes that the folly of “clash of civilisations” can be shown
for the shallowness and fakeness it is. It is now more than ever that our
organisations must collaborate and make this world a true tiny village where we
are next door neigbours.
Ghosh: Coming down to your own poetry, what have
been your primary focus and concerns in terms of both themes and expression?
Seakhoa: As a perennial political and human rights
activist, my primary poetic focus has been the plight of the down-trodden, the super-exploited
and poorest of the poor. Growing older has also meant paying some attention to
my wife and children in my writing.
Ghosh: You have been remarkably enthusiastic in
contributing your beautiful poems to the Re-Markings’
Special Number on World Poetry. Considering the tremendous response to the
project by poets from every nook and corner of planet Earth, what impact of the
precious collection do you visualize on both readers and contributing poets?
Seakhoa: I am very honoured and privileged to have
been invited to contribute to Re-Markings
as it is yet another platform for me to meet fellow poets and authors from all
over the world: thanks to you and Comrade Dr. Tijan Sallah! It is without any
doubt that the impact of this collection will reverberate all over for many an
eon to come.
Ghosh: Winnie Mandela once remarked,
“Maybe there is no rainbow nation after all because the rainbow does not have
the colour black.” In the light of this statement, what is your message to the
youngsters born in the post-apartheid era in South Africa?
Seakhoa: My message to the young ones
is to find a creative way of re-inserting the colour black into the rainbow
nation that is South Africa and, while they are about it, erect a zillion
bridges to re-link the world back into one whole, living together in perfect
harmony and peace.
Ghosh: What is your view of India with regard to the
ancient as well as the contemporary?
Seakhoa: India holds the key to the world, drawing
from her many ancient wisdoms and charting the way forward today in the
fast-paced and changing atmosphere of information technology and scientific
progress that mirrors none that came before.
·
Dr. Nibir K.
Ghosh is UGC Emeritus Professor in the Department of English
Studies & Research at Agra College, Agra. He has been Senior Fulbright
Fellow at the University of Washington, Seattle, U.S.A. during 2003-04.
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